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aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
am - Amharic
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Turkish
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - español (formal)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - kréyòl gwiyanè
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
grc - Ancient Greek
gu - Gujarati
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kg - Kongo
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzz - Laz
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Maori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mr - Marathi
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
mt - Maltese
mus - Creek
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nāhuatl
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
nov - Novial
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nys - Nyunga
oc - Occitan
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rm - Romansh
rmy - Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rw - Kinyarwanda
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Sakha
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sh - Serbo-Croatian
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - cебертатар
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
szl - Silesian
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
wa - Walloon
war - Waray
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu Chinese
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
qqq - Message documentation
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Recognition}}<languages/> Open Badges were initially designed to make informal learning visible. But to make informal learning visible, one needs to be able to recognise it. How are we able to recognise learning, whether formal or informal? How does the recognition process operate? == Recognition == For [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ricœur Paul Ricoeur], the French philosopher, without a theory of recognition, there is no theory of action. In ''The Course of Recognition'' Paul Ricoeur sets out three primary meanings of recognition: # recognition as identification; # recognition of oneself; and # mutual recognition. “On the social plane, the understanding that identities are formed in open dialogue, unshaped by a predefined social script, has made the politics of equal recognition more central and stressful.” —[http://elplandehiram.org/documentos/JoustingNYC/Politics_of_Recognition.pdf Charles Taylor, ''Politics of Recognition'']. "Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition outlines how the formation of a democratic personality requires the three forms of self-relation. We need caring and loving individuals and these are produced through and by those with selfconfidence. It requires a good recognition of the reciprocal nature of legal rights and, as one might anticipate, only a person who possesses self-respect (the capacity to know one’s own rights) can recognise the rights of others. And thirdly, a democratic society requires the reciprocal recognition of work and again, only a person with good levels of self-esteem can recognise the contribution of others. If care and selfconfidence are learned originally in the family and self-respect the product of schooling and education one is led to ask how in a modern world one can acquire selfesteem." (source: Ted Fleming & Fergal Finnegan, ''Honneth and Recognition as Sensitizing Concept for Narrative Analysis: An Irish suggestion'') {| class="wikitable" |'''Hegel +''' |'''Contexts in which one develops ways of relating to self (or forms of social organisation''' |'''Forms of Relating to Self (stages of identity development)''' |'''One Can…''' |'''Task for..''' |- |Family (love) |Relations of friendship & love |Self- confidence |Care |Parents, carers |- |Civil society (rights) |Recognised as autonomous person with rights |Self-respect |Recognise legal rights |School |- |State (solidarity & recognition from work) or in AH any community of affiliation |Performance of ones freedom and autonomy through work = how the community values one’s contribution |Self-esteem |Recognise the contribution of others |Society (incl adult and higher education |} The three forms of recognition according to Axel Honneth after Hegel (source: Ted Fleming & Fergal Finnegan, ''Honneth and Recognition as Sensitizing Concept for Narrative Analysis: An Irish suggestion''). == Employee recognition == * "Any word or deed towards making someone feel appreciated and valued for who they are and recognized for what they do. * A range of formal and informal practices in the workplace that support organizational values, goals, objectives and priorities through positive reinforcement of desired behaviours and performance." ([https://novascotia.ca/psc/pdf/employeeCentre/recognition/toolkit/step1/Sample_Employee_Recognition_Presentation.pdf source]) == Recognition and knowledge == Recognition is at the heart of the very process of knowing. For Stephen Downes: "Knowledge is not an object (or objective), it is not discrete, it is not a causal agent. It is emergent, which means that it exists only by virtue of a process of recognition, as a matter of subjective interpretation.” ''The New Nature of Knowledge''. in ''Connectivism and Connective Knowledge. [https://oerknowledgecloud.org/sites/oerknowledgecloud.org/files/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.pdf link]'' As for Axel Honneth, "recognition precedes knowledge" ("Anerkennen geht dem Erkennen voraus“). == Recognition, validation & accreditation == A misconception that needs debunking is the conflation of recognition with validation, accreditation and other terms like assessment, certification, endorsement and even more terms. Recognition can exist on its own without the need for validation or accreditation: "As the value of the qualifications and/or documents lies in social recognition, it seems most satisfactory to talk of recognition of non- formal and informal learning as opposed to validation or accreditation which only cover the technical aspects." [my highlights] — Patrick Werquin, ''Recognition of non-formal and informal learning in OECD countries: A very good idea in jeopardy?'' 2008. [http://www.oecd.org/edu/skills-beyond-school/41851819.pdf link] == Formal and informal recognition == '''Formal Recognition:''' * Structured, scheduled activities or events based on specific criteria, which are used to recognize people achievements, competencies, contributions and accomplishments. '''Informal Recognition:''' * Acknowledgment of day-to-day accomplishments through gestures of appreciation, communication and/or feedback. * Can provide the foundation for formal recognition activities. * Can change the life of individuals and communities The following video recognise that women are good at science and teenagers get a letter of recognition oriented towards the future: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eJYW4ew5eg&feature=youtu.be == Recognition of non-formal and informal learning == Recognition of non-formal and informal learning is generally associated to ''formal recognition'', * UNESCO (2015) ''Recognition, Validation and Accreditation of Non-formal and Informal Learning in UNESCO Member States'', [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002326/232656e.pdf link] * Cedefop (2007). ''Recognition and validation of non-formal and informal learning for VET teachers and trainers in the EU Member States'', [http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/5174_en.pdf link] * Cedefop (2007) ''Validation of non-formal and informal learning in Europe'', [http://ww.cedefop.europa.eu/files/4073 en.pdfw link] Reco [[Category:Concepts]]
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